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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known condition of the nervous system that affects 4,4 percent of the population. It is accompanied with a high rate of comorbidity. This includes depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, as well as significant social, emotional and occupational impairments. Both medication and psychotherapy are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The most frequently prescribed medications are stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine. Medicines Many adults with ADHD notice significant improvements in symptoms and performance as a result of medication. Due to the various ways that people react to medications, it is important for individuals with ADHD to determine a mix that is most effective. Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as methylphenidate or amphetamines. These stimulants are available in liquid or tablet form in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hours. Adults can supplement their immediate-release medication with an extended-release long-acting medicine at least every week to lessen the need to take it often throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can be treated effectively with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of drugs can be used by itself or in combination with stimulants to boost their effects. However, they may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects like a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists like alprazolam as well as clonidine are used for the treatment of adults with ADHD. These medications, originally designed to treat high blood pressure, can have a calming effect and can increase focus and reduce the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity in certain adults. However, these medications could cause a drop in blood pressure if they are suddenly cut off or reduced in dosage. Adults suffering from ADHD are also able to benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help them cope with feelings of shame and embarrassment about their ADHD as well as anger toward supervisors, colleagues teachers, and family members who might be a source of criticism or nagging them. Additionally, marriage and family counseling can help couples suffering from ADHD to understand each other's issues and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD aims to improve daily functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can also help people with ADHD overcome low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy that can be a result of this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps people change the negative thoughts that create difficulties in their lives and to learn new ways of thinking, feeling and doing. This short-term and goal-oriented psychotherapy has been proven to be effective in treating a variety of conditions, including anxiety and depression. It can be utilized in conjunction with other therapies or on its own. CBT may also include group therapy. This is especially beneficial for adults with ADHD as it allows them to connect with other people who face similar challenges and learn about how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to conventional therapy for adults with ADHD. Both treatments helped improve self-reporting indicators like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults with ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were attributed to a variety modalities including cognitive and interpersonal therapy as well as social skills training, problem solving training, and mindfulness meditation. However, caution is advised when comparing the effectiveness of different therapies for adult ADHD. It is possible that the different outcomes of the treatments reflect a number of variables that include treatment characteristics, measures employed as well as the backgrounds of the patients. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback. This technique involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while performing cognitive tasks to identify brain areas where there is a lack or excess of activity. The person is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people who suffer from ADHD also suffer from anxiety or mood disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help to address these issues, which may be contributing to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy methods that can help improve the ability of individuals to resolve conflicts and develop meaningful relationships. This Web-site seeks to change negative behavior and help manage self-destructive and impulsive behavior which can lead to issues at school or at work. In some cases psychotherapy may be utilized as an adjunct to medication for adult adhd treatment for adults. Patients with comorbid disorders such as depression, substance abuse and bipolar disorder should be evaluated to ensure that their symptoms aren't aggravated by medications used to treat ADHD. People who suffer from certain medical issues such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and a history of seizures, must be treated with more vigor because they are more at risk for complications from the medication. When ADHD is sufficient to cause problems with everyday functioning and quality of life intensive outpatient programs could be recommended. These programs offer structured treatment that is more intense than traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults suffering from ADHD improve their abilities to manage their time and impulse control, as well as executive function, and planning. It helps them understand and express their feelings. It employs worksheets and exercises to make the learning more engaging. Mindfulness meditation training improves CBT and enhances the ability of a person to concentrate and manage their emotions. It also increases a person's ability to handle anxiety and stress. It helps them deal with anger, sadness and other emotions that may be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD report difficulties functioning at work and at home. These issues can also impact relationships and lead to financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you improve your self-esteem, resolve underlying problems and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a successful treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it teaches them how to change their negative attitudes and behaviors. In particular, it focuses on teaching you to utilize strategies to manage your time and eliminate mental distortions that lead to negative moods and perceptions of a limited selection. Many adults with ADHD also suffer from comorbid depression or anxiety disorders. These psychiatric disorders can diminish or even increase the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore it is recommended you treat the most severe disorder comorbid to ADHD first and monitor its response to medication before proceeding to treatment of the other condition. Occupational therapy can teach you ways to organize your life and work, set up regular routines, manage your money and time and develop confidence in yourself. It can also help you learn relaxation techniques that could decrease your impulsivity and hyperactivity. Yoga and other exercises can also aid in improving your focus by stabilizing your body in different poses. Family and marriage counseling can assist adults suffering from ADHD to resolve the issues they cause their spouses, kids and other family members. They often complain about being unstable, unorganized, forgetful and prone to making impulsive decisions. You can strengthen relationships by informing your spouses and family members about ADHD. It can aid you and your family members to understand that the problems are due to ADHD, rather than a lack in caring or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder which is very frequent. It is often associated with comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatments. There are a range of medication options for adults suffering from ADHD. Some of these medications have been evaluated in studies. These studies have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the medications. Adults who suffer from ADHD may have the same symptoms that children do, but it can be difficult to diagnose since childhood symptoms may not last into adulthood. In addition, adults with ADHD might not have a family history of the disorder in their family or may not be aware of having symptoms. It is crucial to take an extensive medical history to determine if the symptoms are due to an illness, such as thyroid problems or sleep apnea, and vision issues. Treatments for adults suffering from ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and other non-stimulant medications. Stimulants are the most effective drugs for treating adults with ADHD and their response rates are in the 70%-80 percentage range. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also administered via a transdermal system. This allows for continuous medication delivery throughout the day. Nonstimulant medicines for adults suffering from ADHD are primarily tricyclic antidepressants that target norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine is the most studied tricyclic and has been shown to be effective in adult patients suffering from ADHD. It is a medication with a low dose which should be increased each seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is noticed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant, was shown to work in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine receptor agonist and blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transporter, thereby increasing its availability in the brain. The drug is known to improve mood in adults and decrease hyperactivity, however, it's not as effective in improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.